The Origin of the Standard Model: The Genesis of Four Quark And Lepton Species, Parity Violation, Th

This book derives the form of the Standard Model of Elementary Particles from thirteen fundamental postulates. In addition a theory of Dark Matter and Dark Energy naturally emerges from this derivation upon the addition of two more postulates. The Standard Model theory can be simply united with Quantum Gravity to obtain a unified theory of all known forces using a new formulation of Quantum Field Theory called Two-Tier Quantum Field Theory. The book entitled, Quantum Theory of the Third Kind, that describes Two-Tier Quantum Field Theory in detail, is also included in this volume for the sake of completeness. The key postulate for the Standard Model derivation is that Nature has a U(8) symmetry that is broken to a U(4)?U(4) symmetry. The dimensions of one of the U(4) representations (its coordinates) are compactified and its only remnants are the three known generations of fermions and a fourth generation that we postulate constitutes Dark Matter. Assuming that the fourth generation has its own ElectroWeak sector we identify Dark Energy with its 'dark photons'. The uncompactified U(4) is broken to a complexified Lorentz group that supports four species of fermions. Two species comprise the leptons. Lepton doublets consist of a charged lepton (Dirac fermion) and a tachyon (neutrino). The other two species we identify with up-type and down-type quarks. They embody a natural global SU(3) symmetry that we generalize to color SU(3). As part of the development we show how to create a canonically quantized tachyon Quantum Field Theory. The result of these efforts is a theory that brings particle physics to a new depth of understanding and provides a detailed understanding of the reason for the Standard Model's unusual form. This volume also contains Quantum Theory of the Third Kind: A New Type of Divergence-free Quantum Field Theory Supporting a Unified Standard Model of Elementary Particles and Quantum Gravity based on a New Method in the Calculus of Variations. This book describes a new approach to Quantum Field Theory based on non-commuting coordinates. The new approach makes all diagrams calculated in perturbation theory finite. Thus the Standard Model described in this book can be united with Quantum Gravity to produce a finite theory totally without divergences.